Estimating aerodynamic resistance of rough surfaces using angular reflectance

Current wind erosion and dust emission models neglect the heterogeneous nature of surface roughness and its geometric anisotropic effect on aerodynamic resistance, and over-estimate the erodible area by assuming it is not covered by roughness elements. We address these shortfalls with a new model which estimates aerodynamic roughness length (z₀) using angular reflectance of a rough surface. The new model is proportional to the frontal area index, directional, and represents the geometric anisotropy of z₀. The model explained most of the variation in two sets of wind tunnel measurements of aerodynamic roughness lengths (z₀). Field estimates of z₀ for varying wind directions were similar to predictions made by the new model. The model was used to estimate the erodible area exposed to abrasion by saltating particles. Vertically integrated horizontal flux (F_h) was calculated using the area not covered by non-erodible hemispheres; the approach embodied in dust emission models. Under the same model conditions, F_h estimated using the new model was up to 85% smaller than that using the conventional area not covered. These F_h simulations imply that wind erosion and dust emission models without geometric anisotropic sheltering of the surface, may considerably over-estimate F_h and hence the amount of dust emission. The new model provides a straightforward method to estimate aerodynamic resistance with the potential to improve the accuracy of wind erosion and dust emission models, a measure that can be retrieved using bi-directional reflectance models from angular satellite sensors, and an alternative to notoriously unreliable field estimates of z₀ and their extrapolations across landform scales.     

光学遥感器薄膜加热片阻值计算及应用

论述了航天用薄膜加热器的工作原理,推导和总结了同一加热区内三种不同串、并联关系的薄膜加热片单位面积阻值的通用计算公式。最后通过实例验证了该公式的正确性。对于具有复杂加热区的空间光学遥感器,依据该公式可以方便快捷地设计出各种串、并联关系的薄膜加热器。     

Protein Interactome Analysis for Countering Pathogen Drug Resistance

Drug-resistant varieties of pathogens are now a recognized global threat. Insights into the routes for drug resistance in these pathogens are critical for developing more effective antibacterial drugs. A systems-level analysis of the genes, proteins, and interactions involved is an important step to gaining such insights. This paper discusses some of the computational challenges that must be surmounted to enable such an analysis; viz., unreliability of bacterial interactome maps, paucity of bacterial intera...     

一种新颖的Π型双极性D/A转换器的设计

在分析通用双极性输出D/A转换器的基础上,给出了Π型电阻网络单元及串联电阻计算方法,提出了一种全新的Π型双极性输出D/A转换器,该电阻网络电阻个数少、阻值选取方便,有重要的理论及应用价值。     

一种附加直流电源漏电保护器的研制

分析了煤矿井下中性点不接地供电系统对地绝缘电阻的基本要求,给出了附加直流电源检测对地绝缘电阻的原理与保护方法;在此基础上介绍了一种附加直流电源漏电保护器的软、硬件设计方案。实验和实际运行结果表明,该附加直流电源漏电保护器误差较小,能够满足煤矿井下电网的漏电保护要求。     

针对SoC系统的Cache攻击方法及建模分析

针对SoC平台,提出并实现了一种高效的基于Cache的AES旁道攻击方法.该方法利用AES软件运行过程中查找表操作泄漏的时间信息,结合AES算法前两轮的特征,快速确定攻击表与AES查找表间的映射关系,并最终恢复出全部128b密钥.基于此攻击方法,在充分考虑各种系统噪声影响的情况下,进一步提出了一种统计分析模型.该模型揭示了上述攻击方法的内在机理,并能够较为准确地估算攻击所需的最小样本数.该模型的重要意义在于不仅可以用来衡量特定SoC系统的抗攻击能力,同时为抗攻击研究指明了方向.     

一种数控精密电阻源的设计与实现

设计了一种数控精密电阻源,选择了一种使用继电器切换精密电阻的电路结构,并提出了消除精密电阻初始阻值误差和继电器接触电阻影响的软件校准方法.采用较少的继电器和精密电阻,实现了高精度可变电阻输出.输出电阻值范围为80.00～260.00 Ω,覆盖-50 ～430℃范围内Pt100的阻值变化,具有0.01 Ω步进,误差小于±0.02 Ω,能够广泛地应用于Pt100测温仪表的测试和校准.     

基于感应电机状态方程的定子电阻辨识方法的研究

基于感应电机两相同步旋转坐标系状态方程,提出了一种新的定子电阻辨识方案。在分别利用励磁电流微分方程和转矩电流微分方程推算转速的基础上,利用二者的等量关系实现了定子电阻在线辨识。该方案的优点是,定子电阻估算仅需要电机终端可测的定子电压、电流,无须借助转子或定子磁链。仿真实验将其应用于无速度闭环矢量调速系统,实时更新转速估算模块中的定子电阻,论证了该方案对电机参数变化鲁棒性强及对改善转速估算精度的有效性。     

智能电力变压器直流电阻测量仪的研制

直流电阻的测试是变压器试验一项重要内容.文中主要研究了变压器直流电阻测试仪的智能化.采用替代自检技术完成仪器故障自诊断、自处理的设计,可以有效地判断故障的位置,并以文字的形式显示在LCD上;采用数控恒流源技术设计了根据被测绕组阻值自动选择测试电流的功能;针对系统误差的特点编写了误差校正程序,建立误差校正表,修正由于放大器等元器件增益、零点漂移引起的误差.现场测试结果表明,该仪器测试速度快,测量结果准确、稳定,当仪器出现故障后能准确判断仪器故障的位置.     

植物与病原物互作中的活性氧代谢及其作用

介绍了活性氧的种类、代谢途径和测定方法,以及植物人存在的抗氧化机制、植物与病原物互作中活性氧的产生及遗传基础,重点对活性氧在植物与病原物互作中抗病信号转导、抗菌作用、膜脂氧化、细胞壁强化、植保素合成和过敏性细胞死亡等方面进行了综述。